My English Book STD 8th

 

Language Study

Be aware of the following concepts to understand how language is used.

The Alphabet :

­    Alphabetical order

­    Phonetic symbols

Parts of Speech :

­  Main-auxilliary modal verbs

­  Progressive and Perfect

­  Degrees of Comparison

Sentence Structure :

­   Phrase and Clause

­   Simple, compound and complex sentences

­   Coordination and subordination

­   Joining sentences

­   Reported Speech

Vocabulary and Word building :

­  Prefix and Suffix

­  Compound Words

­  Changing word class

Punctuation :

­   Capitalization and quotes

Speech :

­   Syllables

Figures of Speech :

­   Simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole.

 

Suggested Pedagogical Processes

ideas/themes and relate them to life and try to give opinions about issues.

• refer sources such as dictionary, thesaurus and

encyclopedia for meaning in context and understanding

texts.

• use grammar in context such as active and passive voice,

reported speech, tenses, parts of speech, etc.

• notice punctuation marks in a variety of texts and

appropriately use in editing his/her own writing.

• understand the context for various types of writing:

messages, notice, letter, report, biography, travelogue,

diary entry etc.

• take dictation of a passage with specific attention to

words pronounced, punctuation and spelling.

• attempt various types of writing: notice, letter, report, etc as

well as personal/ biographical experiences and extrapolative

writings.

• use ICT (Net, mobile, website, Youtube, TED talks etc)

to browse for information, for projects/PPT discussion,

debate, class seminar etc.

• attempt creative writing, like stories, poems, dialogues,

skits, dialogues from a story and story from dialogues.

• visit a language laboratory.

• read/write a book review.

 

Learning Outcomes

• Prepares questionnaires to interview people, to take a

survey as part of a project.

• When required, uses mother tongue words and expressions

without distortion while speaking/writing English.

• Uses digital dictionaries/standard dictionaries available

on the internet.

• Prepares graphics, word-art, graphs, pictograms, etc. on

the computer.

• Knows how to compile, edit, use the information or details

available on the internet and not just ‘copy-paste’ them.

• Takes care not to use copyright material without proper

permission and/or acknowledgment.

• Prepares a presentation with the help of a computer.

• Participates in language games and activities for

language learning.

• Writes an essay.

• Attempts creative writing in different forms – stories,

poems, skits, dialogues, cartoons, jokes, playlets, etc.

• Writes a book review.

• Uses and interprets quotations, idiomatic expressions,

sayings, proverbs etc. appropriately in writing.

• Attempts using different techniques to make his/her

writing more effective.

• Prepares a write up after seeking information in print/

online, notice board, newspapers etc.

• Frames emails, messages, notice, formal letters,

descriptions/narratives, personal diary, report, short

personal/biographical experiences etc.

• Remembers and recalls necessary information (and the

way it is organized) with the help of personal notes.

 

 

Contents

        Unit One

        1.1 Be the Best                                                             

        1.2 Androcles, and the Lion                                       

        1.3 Trees are the Kindest Things I Know                    

        1.4 Miss Slippery                                                          

 

        Unit Two

        2.1 Try Again                                                                       

        2.2 The House builder                                                       

        2.3 The Little River                                                             

        2.4 Excuses ! (A Skit)                                                           

        2.5 A Heroine of the Sea                                                 

        Unit Three

        3.1 “Why?’’                                                                  

        3.2 The Song of Songs                                                 

        3.3 Truth                                                                       

        3.4 The Two Gentlemen of Verona                           

         Unit Four

        4.1 The Vet                                                                   

        4.2 P. V. Sindhu - An Icon of Success                        

        4.3 Golden Chain                                                         

        4.4 The Unsinkable Ship                                             

        4.5 Festivals of North East India                        

        

Introductory Activities

In spoken English, we often use contracted forms as :

Full form	Contracted form
I am busy.	I’m busy.
They are tired.	They’re tired.
He is not coming.	He isn’t coming. (OR) He’s not coming.
You will like it.	You’ll like it.
She will not like it.	She won’t like it.
We had been for a trip.	We’d been for a trip.
It must not happen again.	It mustn’t happen again.
That would be fine.	That’d be fine.
Do you not like it?	Don’t you like it?

 

Fill up the gaps in the table below.

Contracted form	Full form
Let’s	Let us
Shan’t	Should not
They’ve	They have
Wern’t	Were not
We’re	We are
Can’t	Cannot
Where’s	Where is
What’re	Where are
There’s	There is

 

 

  

Unit One

1.1 Be The Best (ಅತ್ತ್ಯುತ್ತಮನಾಗು)

WARMinG UP !

CHIT – CHAT(ಚರ್ಚೆಗಳು)

(1) Have you got a prize in any competition?

Ans: Yes, I got a prize in school Composition Competition. 

 (2) How did you feel at that time?                                                                 Ans: That time I am feel very proud to me.                                  

(3) Have you ever failed in your efforts?

Ans: Sometime failed, sometime success.

(4) Do you think we should accept success as well as failure?

Ans: Yes, success as well as failure are two sides of a coin.

(5) What will be your reaction if you are not selected in a team?

Ans:Very sad and angry on me.

(1) A. Read aloud the following sets of words.

(a) river, stream, sea, ocean

(b) hill, stone, mountain, rock

(c) plant, sapling, tree, seed

(d) child, adult, baby, youth

B. Rearrange each of the above sets of words according to the

increasing order of their size/growth.

(a) river, stream, sea, ocean,  

(b) stone, rock,  hill, mountain.

(c) seed, plant, sapling, tree. 

(d) baby, child, youth, adult.

(2) In your pre-primary classes you must have learnt the story of ‘The Lion and the Mouse.’ Read it in English and fill in the gaps using words given in the box:

  A lion was sleeping in a forest. A mouse started playing on him.

The lion got up angrily . He caught the mouse and was ready to kill it.

The mouse begged the lion to leave it and said that someday it would help the lion. The lion laughed and let it go.

One day the lion was caught in a net set up by hunters. He roared

loudly as he tried too hard to escape.

The mouse heard the lion and came. It chewed up the net with its sharp teeth and set the lion free.

(help, angrily, caught, forest, mouse, kill, roared, free, chewed, heard, laughed)

Moral of the story: kindness are never wasted.

 

 English Workshop

1. Read the words / names given below. Put the big-sized/ bigger ones in the big circle and the smaller ones in the small circle.

(ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಶಬ್ದಗಳನ್ನು/ಹೆಸರುಗಳನ್ನು ಓದಿರಿ. ದೊಡ್ಡ ಆಕಾರದ ಶಬ್ದಗಳನ್ನು ದೊಡ್ಡ ವರ್ತುಳದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರದ ಶಬ್ದಗಳನ್ನು ಸಣ್ಣ ವರ್ತುಳದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಕಿರಿ.)

(muskie, tree, pine, lake, bass, bush, highway, scrub, rill, sun, star, trail)

2. Form groups of four. Read each stanza in the poem turn by turn.

(ನಾಲ್ಕು ನಾಲ್ಕು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳ ಗುಂಪು ಮಾಡಿರಿ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಪದ್ಯವನ್ನು ಒಬ್ಬೊಬ್ಬರಾಗಿ ಓದಿರಿ.)

3. Find and write the pairs of rhyming words from the poem.

(ಸಮಾನ ಉಚ್ಛಾರವಿರುವ ಪದಗಳ ಜೋಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪದ್ಯದಿಂದ ಶೋಧಿಸಿ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.)

a) hill – rill           b) be – tree         c) grass – bass              d) make – lake

e) here – near     f) trail – fail         g) star – are                  h) crew – do

4. Complete the following with appropriate words/ phrases from the poem.

(First one is done for you.)

(1) If you can’t be a pine, be a scrub.

(2) If you can’t be a tree, be a bush.

(3) If you can’t be a muskie (big fish), be a bass (small fish of the lake).

(4) If you can’t be a captain, be a crew (sailors).

(5) If you can’t be a highway, then just be a trail.

(6) If you can’t be the sun, be a star.

5. Write whether the following are true or false :

(1) All must be the Captains of the teams.                       =False

(2) A bit of grass can make the highway happier.            =True

(3) We win or fail depending upon size or position.         =False

(4) A scrub is found at the top of the hill.                          =False

(5) If your work is not important, don’t do it. .                 = False

(6) Whatever job you have, do your best.                         =True

6. Write an appreciation of the poem with the help of the points given below.

1. The title of the poem is Be The Best.

2. The poem is written by Douglas Malloch.

3. The poem has four stanzas. Each stanza has four lines.

4. The lines that rhyme in each stanza, are first and third, second and fourth.

5. The poet compares big things with small things.

6. If you can’t be Is a repeaed expression in the poem.

7. The line – I shall always remember is Be the best of whatever you are!

 

 

1.2 Androcles and the Lion

WARMinG UP !

CHIT - CHAT

(1) Have you ever helped anyone? Why?

Ans: Yes. I helped my friend, because helping is my nature.

(2) How did you help him/her?

Ans: I give him my notebook of homework, when he was ill.

(3) Has anyone ever helped you in your need?

Ans: yes.

(4) How did you feel at that time?

Ans: I feel very happy to see anyone care about me.

(5) How did you show your gratitude to him/he?

Ans: With thankfull.

(1) Discuss with your benchmate and write down the names of any five stories of bravery that you have read/heard. Also name the brave hero / heroine of each story.

(ನೀವು ಕೇಳಿರುವ/ಓದಿರುವ ವೀರರ ಐದು ಕಥೆಗಳ ಹೆಸರುಗಳನ್ನು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ ಮತ್ತು ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸ್ನೇಹಿತರ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಾಡಿರಿ. ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಕಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇರುವ ವೀರ ಹೀರೋ/ಹೀರೋಯಿನರ ಹೆಸರು ಬರೆಯಿರಿ.

Name of the Story                                   Name of the Hero / Heroine

(a) Ramayana                                           Ram/ Seeta.

(b) Mahabharata                           Arjun/ Bhima/Drupati

(c) Mrutyunjaya                                        Karna

(d) Parv                                                      Arjun/ Bhima/Drupati/ Karna

(e) Unfogotable Hero   Netaji Subhashachandra Bose                    

(2) Complete the facts about lions choosing from the alternatives.

(1) Lions are called ............. of the jungle. (emperor / lord / king)

(2) Lions belong to the ........ family of animals. (dog / cat / horse)

(3) Lions are ........... animals. (carnivorous / herbivorous / omnivorous)

(4) …………….lions have a mane around their neck but lionesses do not

have it. (Cub / Male / Female)

(5) A group of lions is called a ………….(flock / herd / pride)

(6) Lions attack only when they are .........

(tricked / awake / hungry)

English Workshop

1. (A) Match the phrases in Column A with their meanings in Column B.

Column A                               Column B

(1) looking out for                (a) anger reduced

(2) face to face                    (b) returned slowly

(3) summon up courage       (c) trying to search for

(4) rage melted                   (d) filled with soft feelings

(5) be moved by               (e) try to be brave

                                             (f) in front of each other

(1) –c,  (2) – f (3) – d (4) – a, (5) - b

(B) Read the following sentences from the story.

(1) They were bound by law to obey their master.           B) forced to follow

(2) The kind man bound up the lions injured paw.           C) tied up

(3) The lion bounded towards Amdrocles again.              A) rushed forward

       The word ‘bound’ carries 3 different meanings in each of the sentences. A) rushed forward B) forced to follow C) tied up

Put the correct letter a / b / c in the boxes according to the proper meaning.

(C) Now translate each of the three sentences (a,b,c) into your medium of learning. (ಈಗ ನೀವು ಕಲಿಯುತ್ತಿರುವ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮದಲ್ಲಿ(ಭಾಷೆಯಲ್ಲಿ) a, b, c ಈ ವಾಕ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದ ಮಾಡಿರಿ.

(a) ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಮಾಲೀಕರನ್ನು ಅನುಸರಿಸುವ ಕರಾರು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರು.

(b) ದಯಾಳು ಮನುಷ್ಯ ಸಿಂಹದ ಗಾಯಗೊಂಡ ಅಂಗಾಲಿಗೆ/ಕಾಲಿಗೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಕಟ್ಟಿದನು.

(c) ಸಿಂಹವು ಮತ್ತೇ ಯಂಡ್ರೋಕಲನತ್ತ ಓಡಿ ಬಂದಿತ್ತು.

2. (A) Find from the story the Antonyms (opposite words) of the following.

(1) kind      x      cruel           (2) poor     x        noble

(3) slave     x      kings          (4) high      x        low

(5) punishment         x         (6) unbound       x      bound

(7) tender      x      kind      (8) happy   x        unhappy

(B) Find from the story 5 words that describe the sounds made by the lion.

Ans: 1)neither growled, nor roared    2) piteously  3) moaned and wimpered      4) licked         5) purr and rub

 3. Write the reactions that followed each of the actions given below.

(a) Androcles did not like his cruel master, so he escaped from the clutches of his cruel master.

(b) The lion looked at Androcles piteously, so it was in great pain.

(c) Androcles bandaged the lion’s injured paw, so the lion was able to move in forest.

(d) A hungry ferocious lion was released into the arena, so to give a punishment to serious crime man.

(e) The lion reached Androcles and it recognized his friend who helped in forest.

(f) The emperor asked Androcles what other reward he would like, so he wanted the lion to be set free too.

4. Write in your own words 3 to 4 sentences about each of the following.

(1) The condition of slaves in ancient Rome.

Ans: In those days, kings, nobles, and other wealthy men used poor people as their slaves. The slaves were forced to work for their masters. They had to do what their masters told them. They had no freedom, no rights. Even when they were unhappy with their master, they could not leave him. They were bound by law to obey their master, however wicked he might be.

(2) Qualities of Androcles.

Ans: Androcles was a slave. He is a kind, gentle and courteous man.

(3) Even wild animals can be our friends.

Ans: Yes, wild animals may be as like as our best friend when we show kindness towards them.

5. Narrate to your class, any short story about ‘Kindness to Animals’ (OR)

How animals can be kind to humans. Write down the story in your notebook. Give it a title of your own.

 

   

 

Language Study

Auxiliary Verbs: Verbs that help to form tenses, moods and voices are called Auxiliary (helping) verbs. For example : be, can, may, will, etc.The three most common Auxiliary verbs, which can stand alone in a sentence are forms of ‘be’, ‘do’ and ‘have’. They are called Primary Auxiliaries.

For example : She is a student of Class 8.

     He does his work well.

     I have a cold.

Forms of ‘Be’ : am, is, are, was, were, will / shall be

Forms of ‘Do’ : do, does, did

Forms of ‘Have’ : have, has, had

There are other Auxiliary verbs which do not stand alone in a sentence. They accompany Main (Action) verb. These are called Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Modals)

They are : can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, may, might, need, ought to

For example :  He can work hard.

                          He will work hard.

                          He must work hard.

Underline the Auxiliary Verbs in the following sentences.

(1) We have a holiday tomorrow.

(2) Reena is injured badly.

(3) You must wear clean clothes.

(4) She should talk politely.

(5) They did not help me.

(6) A big thorn had pierced the lion’s toe.

(7) The lion was caged.

(8) Androcles did not like his master.

(9) They could not leave him.

(10) He would no longer be a slave.

(11) The slaves were forced to work.

(12) We should show kindness to animals.

 

1.3 Trees are the Kindest Things I Know

WARMinG UP !

CHIT – CHAT

(1) When do you receive gifts?

Ans:I received gifts on my birthday.

(2) Do you like to give gifts?

Ans:Yes, I like to give gifts to my friends.

(3) From whom do you get gifts?

Ans: from my friends, parents

(4) What is the best gift that you have ever received?

Ans: Mother and Father from the God.

(5) Why is it special for you?

Ans:They are very respective to my life, because they are god gifted. 

(1) What gifts do trees give to mankind?

Ans: The trees give to mankind many gifts like fruits, flowers,  Wood, shade and most important things Oxygen. 

(2) (A) Name two parts of a tree that begin with. B, F and T

Ans:

B	Branch Bud BarkF
F	Flowers Fruits
T	Trunk Tree Twing

 (B) In most countries in the Northern Hemisphere, there are four seasons : Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter.

Try to guess what is the season in the months given below.

(1) March/April/May = Summer(ಬೇಸಿಗೆಕಾಲ)

(2) June/July/August = Spring (ಮಳೆಗಾಲ)

(3) September/October/November = Winter(ಚಳಿಗಾಲ)

(4) December/January/February = Autumn(ಶಿಶಿರ)

(3) An artist paints pictures using colours. A poet/writer can also paint pictures in your mind / imagination by using descriptive phrases.

For example, blue sky, soft white clouds, floating clouds etc.

Write down four such phrases which describe anything beautiful in Nature.

(1) Colourful rainbow 

(2) Falling rain 

(3) Floating moon 

(4) Shining rays

 

Trees are the Kindest Things I Know

Trees are the kindest things I know,

They do not harm, they simply grow.

And spread a shade for sleepy cows,

And gather birds among their boughs.

They give us fruit, in leaves above,

And wood to make our houses of,

And leaves to burn on Hallowe’en,

And in the Spring new buds of green.

They are the first when day’s begun

To touch the beams of morning sun.

They are the last to hold the light,

When evening changes into night.

And when a moon floats on the sky

They hum a drowsy lullaby

Of sleepy children long ago…

Trees are the kindest things I know.

                                               - Harry Behn

English Workshop

1. Pick from the poem words that rhyme with the following words.

(a) fun – sun -begun (b) no – know   (c) now – grow, cow   (d) sight – light- night  (e) fly – sky - lullaby

2. Pick from the poem lines that create a picture in your mind.

(a) And in the Spring, new buds of green.

Ans: And leaves to burn on Hallowe’en, And in the Spring, new buds of green.

(b) When a moon floats on the sky. 

(c) And gather birds among their boughs. 

(d) They are the first when day’s begun. 

(e) They are the last to hold the light.

3. The poet refers to trees as the ‘Kindest Things’. From the poem pick out 5 facts which prove the kindness of trees towards others.

(1) They do not harm, they simply grow.

(2) trees spread a shade for sleepy cows

(3) and gather birds among their boughts.

(4) they give fruit, in leaves above, wood to make our houses.

(5) when a moon floats on the sky trees hum a drowsy lullaby.

4. Find words that describe the following.

(1) cows – sleepy /sleepy cows

(2) new buds – of green/green new buds

(3) sun touch the beams of morning/morning son

(4) lullaby – drowsy/drowsy lullaby

(5) trees – kindest/kindest trees.

5. Pick out lines that mean the following.

(1) Trees provide shelter for animals : trees spread a shade for sleepy cows

(2) Trees provide food for all : they give fruit, in leaves above, wood to make our houses.

(3) Trees are most lovable : They do not harm, they simply grow.

(4) Kids love to listen to songs from trees :hum a drowsy lullaby.

(5) Trees live a simple life : They do not harm, they simply grow.

6. Think and write in your own words.

(1) What living things can cause harm to one another? Name any five.

Ans: Living things that can cause harm to one another are animals, humans, elements of nature, insects ad aquatic animals. 

(2) Why are trees called harmless?

Ans: Because they do not harm anyone. They help other  living beings in all the ways they can. 

(3) Hallowe’en is a festival celebrated in many western countries on 31st October. What is the season there? Why do you think is there a need to burn leaves on Hallowe’en?

Ans: Hallowe’en is celebrated during pre-fall season. These marks the end of harvest season and beginning of winter. They burn leaves because people believe when bonfires are lit their flames and smoke have protective and cleansing powers and are also used for divination. 

(4) ‘They are the last to hold the light, when evening changes into night’. Which part of the day is referred to in the above lines? Which part of the trees hold the last light of the day?

Ans: That part of the day when sun sets down which is the  beginning of the night is referred to in the line. Leaves are the ones which hold the first ray of light and also the last ray of light from the sun.

7. Search for a short poem about ‘Trees’ in your mother tongue. Write it in your notebook and translate any two stanzas from the poem into English.

Trees

8. Your neighbour is having a huge old banyan tree chopped down to make space for another construction. Write an imaginary conversation between you and your neighbour, trying to stop him from having it cut down.

Begin with the following :

Neighbor: Good morning! Actually we are planning to construct one more building there.

Myself : Sir, Can you please choose another location for that building. Please don’t cut that tree.

Neighbor: Anyway, we don’t get any benefit from that tree. That is another reason for cutting that tree down.

Myself : Sir, that banyan tree providing so many benefits to us as well to several living things. They are proving fresh air filled with oxygen. Sitting under a banyan tree is good for health. It helps to remove pollutants like dust in the atmosphere. It also gives shelter to birds, lizards, squirrels etc.

Neighbor: But…What Can I do. According to me building is more important than a tree.

Myself : Don’t be selfish sir. Trees and land have no owners. They are also for our future generation. We don’t have the right to destroy it.

Neighbor: Maybe…maybe you are correct…but…

Myself : Sir... please stop cutting this tree at least for the sake of your grand children’s well being

Neighbor: Ok. Fine. I can find another location for the construction

Myself : Thank you So much, Sir. 

MARGIN QUESTIONS 1) How do trees serve birds and animals? 

Ans: Trees provide shade to animals and a place for birds to  make their nests. 

2) What do trees offer human being? 

Ans: Trees offer fruit, leaves and wood to make human houses. 

3) Which part of the trees glow first at sunrise? 

Ans: Green buds glow first at sunrise. 

4) What do trees do for small kids? 

Ans: Trees sung lullaby by the sound of their leaves to make the  child sleep. 

5) Why does the poet call trees as ' kindest things'? 

Ans: Because the trees grow peacefully without harming other

APPRECIATION OF THE POEM

1. Name of the poem: Trees Are The Kindest Things I Know 

2. Poet: Harry Behn 

3. Stanzas: The poem has eight stanzas. Each stanza has two lines. 

4. Rhyme Scheme: aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh. 

5. Figure of Speech: Personification, Alliteration.

Language Study

1. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives. Read the following sentences.

(i) Yatin is strong.

(ii) Amit is stronger than Yatin.

(iii) Pravin is the strongest of all.

In sentence (i) the Adjective ‘strong’ is in its simple form. It is called Positive Degree.

In sentence (ii) the Adjective ‘stronger’ refers to a higher degree, when there is a comparison of two nouns. It is called Comparative Degree. (-er is added to the basic adjective.)

In sentence (iii) the adjective ‘strongest’ refers to the highest degree of comparison of one with more than two nouns. It is called Superlative Degree (-est is added to the basic adjective.)

 Fill in the gap in the table of Degrees of Comparison.

	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
(1)	kind	kinder	kindest
(2)	health	healthier	healthest
(3)	near	nearer	nearest
(4)	fine	finer	finest
(5)	early	earler	earliest
(6)	small	smaller	smallest
(7)	fast	faster	fastest
(8)	high	higher	highest

 2. Adjectives which have more than two syllables (long words) take ‘more’and ‘most’ before them to form Comparative and Superlative degrees.

For example :      successful - Positive Degree

more successful - Comparative Degree

most successful - Superlative Degree

Give the Comparative and Superlative forms of : (1) ancient(2) special(3) significant(4) advanced(5) accurate

 

	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
(1)	ancient	More ancient	Most ancient
(2)	special	More special	Most special
(3)	significant	More significant	Most significant
(4)	advanced	More advanced	Most advanced
(5)	accurate	More accurate	Most accurate

3. When in a line of a poem human characteristics are given to somethingnon human, the Figure of Speech used is Personification.

For example : humming trees, running river, smiling flowers.

Find the examples of Personification from the poem.

  

1.4 Miss Slippery

WARMinG UP !

CHIT – CHAT

(1) Do you argue with your friends? Why?

Ans: Sometimes, I argue with my friends when I do not like their opinion or point of view on some things.

(2) Do you stop your arguments after sometime or continue it for a long time ?

Ans: I never continue it for a long time. I stop my argument after some time. 

(3) Why do people quarrel/fight?

Ans:People quarrel or fight for many reasons like when they do not like each other opinion or point of view. By misunderstanding each other.

(4) Do we forgive or punish our dear ones after their mistakes?

Ans:We should forgive our dear ones after their mistakes but we should take a promise from them not to commit such mistakes again.

(5) What do you feel after a quarrel with dear ones?

Ans: I feel very sad and ashamed after a quarrel with my friends.

(1) Think over the following and tick mark the proper option as per

your choice.

Sr.No.	Questions
a	Do your classmates tease, trouble and avoid you?	Yes	No	Sometimes ✔
b	(b) Do you with your friends, also tease, trouble or give names to any of your classmates?	Yes ✔	No	Sometimes
c	How do you handle the teasing?	Cry	Ignore ✔	Complain to teacher
d	How do you handle yourself when punished in class?	Cry	Get angry	Dicide to change ✔
e	What is the best way to react when others trouble/ insult you?	Take revenge	Ignore them totally ✔	Become Depressed

(2) Rewrite using proper punctuation marks and capital letters.

(1) amar said i could not complete my geography homework

Ans: Amar said, “I could not complete my geography homework.”

(2) why did you go to nagpur

Ans: Why did you go to Nagpur?

(3) the president of india lives at rashtrapati bhavan in new delhi

Ans: The President of India lives at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi

 (4) what a loud explosion that was

Ans: What a loud explosion that was!

(5) physics chemistry zoology and botany are branches of science

Ans: Physics, chemistry, zoology and botany are branches of science.

(3) Write in your own words, what according to you is the best way to

get rid of a negative (bad) quality in your friend.

Ans: I will help my friend by following ways: 1) I will tell him to be good creative man. 2) I will help him to change the tone of his thoughts. 3) I will tell him the advantages of positive thinking. 4) I will always tell him to read Good Books from the library.  

English Workshop

1. Two different words are joined to form a new word with a new meaning. Such words are called Compound words. (Sometimes there is hyphen (-) between compound words.)

For example : homework or kind-hearted

Pick out some Compound words from the lesson.

(1) all-devouring look (2) Note book             (3) Well-prepared       

(4) High-pitched (5) Teacher’s room       (6) Classroom

2. (A) Add the proper prefix to make the following words opposite in meaning.

(1) obey x disobey                 (2) sympathetic x unsympathetic          

(3) honour x dishonor (4) afraid x unafraid

(5) content x

(B) Add suffix to convert the following words to Adjective forms.

Ans:  Laugh- laughing                     thought – thoughtful

          Forget – forgetful                   care – careful

          Count – countful           fear – fearful

          Move – movable           tear –tearful

          Punish – punished                 joy –joyful

3. Find words / expressions from the story which are similar in meaning to.

(1) very expensive        - extravagant

(2) longing for - yearning

(3) could not remember at all – went blank

(4) constant        - perpetual

(5) gather all ones courage -mustercourage

(6) filled and increased in size - inflate

(7) paining badly          - bruised

(8) forced to pay a big amount of money – pay through one’s nose

4. Answer in short, in your own words.

(1) The history teacher had asked them to memorize it (WHAT?)

Ans: The cause and effects of the battle of Panipat.

(2) Sayali’s new frock tore (HOW?)

Ans: When Sayali fell and came tumbling down about seven steps from the school stairs.

 (3) Sayali hugged him tight (WHO?)

Ans: Her younger brother.

 (4) Sayali was called ‘slippery’ (WHY?)

Ans: Because others slip on wet ground but Sayali manages to slip even on dry land.

 (5) Teacher told Sayali to meet her in the teachers’ room (WHEN?)

Ans: When Sayali came late and the teacher was in the classroom.

 (6) Teacher asked Sayali to carry the notebooks (WHERE?)

Ans: To the teacher’s room.

5. Divide the class in 2 groups with the help of your teacher and convert the story into a skit. Each group can take up one part of the story and later combine both the parts. Mention the following in your compilation. Present the skit in your class.

(1) A new title (2) Scenes (3) Characters

(4) Dialogues (5) Entry (6) Exit

6. Write what expressions does a person use in the following situations.

(1) When a person gets a sudden fright.= makes person’s blood run cold or he got afraid.

(2) When a person is very nervous. = Butterflies in my stomach, bundle of nerves.

(3) When a person is tensed. = Under a lot of pressure, sressed out.

(4) When a person is very happy.  = On joying everywhere, happy as a clam.

(5) When a person is very confident.      = I am dam sure, why not me?

(6) When a person is very angry.   = no hard feelings, pissed off, to bite someone’s head.

(7) When a person is very sad.      = lump in the thoat, feeling blue/to have the blues.

Language Study

1. Some Verbs in English do not change in a regular pattern when their Tensechanges. These verbs are called Irregular Verbs. Fill the forms of verbs in thefollowing table. (Two are done for you.)

Present Tense	Past Tense	Past Participle
break	broke	broken
do	did	done
go	went	Gone
come	came	come
Buy	bought	bought
Drive	Drove	Driven
fall	fell	Fallen
sing	sung	sung
Know	Knew	known
Run	Run	Run
see	saw	seen
take	took	taken

2. Read the following sentences.

(a) I was coming down the school stairs.

(b) Teacher has asked us to learn it up.

In sentence (a) the verb indicates an action that is continuous or in progress at a particular time. (past/present/future)

• The verb is said to be in Continuous (Progressive) Tense. ‘was coming’ is an example of Past Continuous Tense. (Auxiliary verb + main verb + ing = Continuous Tense.)

In sentence (b) the verb indicates an action that is complete at particular time (past / present / future).

• The verb is then said to be in Perfect Tense.‘has asked’ is said to be in Present Perfect Tense.(has / have / had + verb in Past Participle form - Perfect Tense)

3. (i) Fill up the table of Tenses using the verb ‘GIVE’.

Type of Tenses	Simple	Continuous (Progressive).	Perfect
Present	give	am / is / are giving	Have/has given
Past	gave	Was/were giving	Had given
Future	shall / will give	Will/shall be giving	Shall/ will have given

(ii) Say whether the following sentences are in Continuous Tense or Perfect Tense.

(1) I was entering the class.  - Continuous Tense

(2) The girls are teasing me. – Continuous Tense

(3) I haven’t said a word to you. – Perfect Tense

(4) Never before had anyone lavished love on me. – Perfect Tense

(5) You are going to be responsible for it. – Continuous Tense

(6) According to the teacher, I had dropped the notebook on purpose. – Perfect Tense.

4. Turn the following sentences into Polite Requests.

Example : Show me the way to post office.

Would you please show me the way to post office?

(i) Take me to your teacher.

Ans: Would you please, take me to your teacher?

(ii) Tell me something about your school.

Ans: Would you please tell me something about your school?

(iii) Give me the details about your extra curriculur activities.

Ans: Could you please give me the details about your extra curricular activities?

(iv) Provide me the information about books in your school library

Ans:Could you please, provide me the information about books in your school library?